Hello,
The process of creating SEF URLs is described in JoomSEF's documentation.
Basically, the SEF URLs are not generated for whole website at once, only the URLs that appeared on pages already visited by somehow gets created and are then listed in JoomSEF's URL Manager, so someone needs to click the English language on your website first for English URLs to get created.
As regards the name of the site in the URL - are those links to articles or some other component? If they are articles, it's probably the category name - you can set the configuration for URLs to articles creation in JoomSEF -> Manage Extensions -> Content parameters.
For more information please see the JoomSEF's documentation.
Best regards,
ARTIO Support Team